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What does the author really want to tell us? In my opinion, the real implication of the author is that everyone has to meet difficulties in their life experiences, so we have to make a adequate preparations for them.

There is no denying that a majority of young people, especially who are endored by their rich parents, take their happiness for granted. I am fully convinced that they may inevitably suffer from failures in their future. For the simple reason is that they like the flowers in green house. Therefore, it is necessary for those parents to take some measures to control this trend which may lead to their children's failure. The best way to solve this problem I think is to jive young people opportunities to do things independently. Only in this way can young people confront with difficulties and deal with them easily.

As far as I am concerned, I am greatly in favor of the idea that encouraging young generation practice in hard environments.

Because young people can benefit a lot from their own experiences in lard times and earn enough confidence to face their future challenges.

(Institute of Environmental Medicine of Taiyuan 030006) strict. The potential impacts of future climate changes on human although have been widely paid more attention to. The direct and indict potential impacts of future possible changes of climate on human were reviewed in this paper. The methods for assessing the impacts of climate changes on human health were introduced also.

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious your job.

You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 90 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite of the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise- many people are still unable—or unwilling to "play the game. "

"People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior," says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. "But politics derives from the word 'polite. ' It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return. "

In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environ merit not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. ^

"The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis." says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. "But if two or three candidates are up for a pro- J5 motion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is z going to promote the person he or she likes best. It's simple human nature.

Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

Norah had a cottage on a cliff above a big bay. In winter it could be very nasty because of strong winds and sea spray. ' In fact, when a gale was blowing, Norah and her husband got used to sleeping in a small room downstairs, because their bedroom upstairs, which faced the gales, had a very big window, and they were afraid that an extra" violent gust might break it and blow pieces of broken glass over them.

Also, the salt spray from the sea put an end' to many of the colorful plants Norah planted in her garden. She tried putting up a fence to protect them, but the wind just hit it. went up over the top and then down the other side, so in the- end she filled the garden with trees and bushes that liked salt.

But most of the summer Norah enjoyed her cottage and garden very much. At weekends she could sit out-of-doors in the sun, looking at the beautiful view, with interesting ships and boats passing by, and she could very easily cycle down to the sea for a swim.

Now that1 Norah and her husband had plenty of friends and relations. These people never came to visit them in winter, when it was wet and cloudy, and the weather did not make the position of the cottage on the coast very nice, but in the summer lots of them used to come to enjoy the beautiful place, and in the end it really became quite annoying for Norah and her husband. When they were at home, they found friends and relations arriving, expecting to be given unlimited drinks and meals, and to sit in the sun for hours, talking as if Norah and her husband had nothing else to do but entertain and listen to them.

This went on for several years. Norah did not wish to appear rude by refusing to let her friends and relations in, but on the other hand, she was getting tired every summer.

Then one day Norah was eoniplaining about this to her hair-dresser while she was doing her hair. "You're disturbed by too many uninvited guests, arc you?" said the hairdresser. "Why don't you try my way of escaping?"

"What's that?" asked Norah.

"Well." the- hairdresser answered, "when the bell rings, I put on my coat and take my shopping bag. If it's someone I don't want to see. I say innocently, 'I'm sorry but I've got to go out. ' But if it's someone 1 want to see. I say, ' How lucky! I've just come in' '"

1)Begin with a buffer

A buffer is a device or a piece of material for reducing the shock. In our case, the buffer — the delay of bad news — means some writing that reduces the negative impact of the bad news. If you have both good news and bad news for your readers, the good news is a natural buffer. If you have no good news, the buffer may be something to which the readers will respond positively. In the worst scenario, you can make a reference to some early communication or even do some small talk that will not betray your bad news until an explanation is given. You may begin as follows:

A. Your organization is doing a commendable job educating needy children.

You deserve the help of those who are in a position to give it.

[A praise made before refusing the organization's request for donation.

B. Your invitation of Jan. 1 5 to address the National Association of Small Business Owners is a most distinct honor to me personally.

C. We appreciate your concern about the quality of our products.

[Showing appreciation of the reader' s earlier -writing. ]

D. You have every right to expect the best service when. you have placed your orders so often.

/ Demonstrating your understanding of the reader's problem. ]

Your purpose is to put the readers in an agreeable or open frame of mind, to make them ready to accept the explanation that follows.

2. Explain why the refusal has to be made. When you have to say "No", there must be a good reason. If the reason is presented tactfully, logically and convincingly, the readers may come to the conclusion that the refusal is necessary and based on a careful consideration of the problem.

3. State the refusal. When your readers accept your explanation, much of the negative impact is already absorbed. You are now safe to release your bad news.

Present it as positively as the situation permits. In doing so, you must make sure that the negative message is made clear. If possible, you'd better offer some constructive suggestions. For instance, in refusing a discount request, you might say: "It would be possible for you to obtain a trade discount of 2 percent if the payment is made on a cash basis." However, what you suggest should be obtainable. Alternative plans or ideas far beyonp1 feasibility will only enhance the negative impact.

4. Close positively. No matter how skilled you are, you can not make your readers happy with your refusal. What you can achieve is just making your readers less unhappy. Your goal here is to direct the readers' thoughts to some happier things.

You should end the message on a happy note. At least, you should not remind your readers of the negative message. So, don't apologize for your refusal. You may end your message with "please call us for service."

The first mirror was a pool of still water, and for untold centuries there was no other mirror lo take its place.

When, in their search for material with which to make weapons, men discovered metal and in later centuries, learned that by polishing the metal it could be made to shine. From this point, it was a short step to the making of small mirrors of polished metal. Hundreds of years later, a comparatively colorless glass was backed with a covering of lead or tin, a mirror reflecting at least some truth as to color resulted, but not so much could be said for the truth in respect to the form of its reflections.

During all the early periods of their development, mirrors were rare and expensive. Only the very rich could afford them; doubtlessly, many men and women lived, grew, and died without knowing, except by hearsay'1 , whether he or she was beauiiful or ugly.

The first turn in the tide carne when I1'ranee discovered how to make plate glass. Previous to this invention, all flat glass was cut from cylinders or disks of blown glass, but now the metal was poured directly from the pot onto an iron lab e and flattened with an iron roller.

France, now in possession of the foiling secret and the new method of casting glass, proceeded to combine the two. For the first time in history, glass was made quite free from bubbles and flat as a pool of untroubled water; and when backed with foil, the plate glass made such a mirror as never before had existed.

One of the curious things about mirrors is that every once in a while the demand for them cornes upon the world like an epidemic. Suddenly there is a rage for mirrors, and society seems to go mad about them. In the seventeenth century people wore mirrors at their girdles'*, in their hats, or set like jewels in their rings.

At the present time, it is once again the foiling of the mirror that is the subject of experiment and new invention. Aluminum, chromium1, or gold are put into a vacuum tank and heated by a tungsten1' wire. They "flash" into a vapor which fills the whole tank with metallic gas, and a film, one-millionth of an inch thick, is deposited on whatever is inside the tank. On smooth glass the metal makes a perfect film, especially suitable for astronomical mirrors.

The 100 inch telescope mirror at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California was originally coated with silver. Silver, however, loses its polish easily, and it was necessary to replace the foiling twice yearly. By way of experiment, the new invention of aluminum coaling was tried out on a smaller telescope disk belonging to the same observatory. It was found that the reflecting power of the 60-inch mirror was almost doubled because of the new film, and now equaled that of the 100-inch mirror. The silver was at once removed from the large disk, and the new reflecting surface applied.

The aluminum film retains its high polish much longer than does silver, and it can be repolished, whereas silver can not.

It's interesting to notice that all underdeveloped districts and cities want to make a change, but only a few of them do make it, with the rest remaining underdeveloped for years or decades. And we benefit a lot by looking into the reasons why there is this fatal difference.

In the first place, it takes much courage to make a start. Lacking such courage, most of the underdeveloped only know that they must do something, and may have talked it over and over again, but never can come to a decision. With such courage, some of the underdeveloped make a decision at the very beginning; Let's try it out. And one of them must be Dillton, which tried out 18 months ago the reduction of "corporate tax rate by 15 percent," and "offering relocation grants and favorable rates on city utilities to any company that would relocate to Dillton. " And it did make a change, within 18 months, as a result of courageously making a start.

The difference also lies in the fact that some are courageous enough to immediately follow a good example, while many others go on hesitating; "we need more good examples," they say to themselves. "We'd rather wait. "

What do they wait for? They wait for sustained or even worsened underdevelopment. As for me, I enthusiastically admire those who are brave enough to be the first, and I admire those who are courageous enough to be the second.

However, I do not mean that we can follow other people's footsteps blindly. On the contrary, I mean we must follow the logic and then follow the example. And this logic can be summarized as this; If A and B are under similar conditions and are pursuing similar goals, they can follow each other's example.

Now it so happens that Beauville and Dillton are both underdeveloped. For Beauville, this is evidenced by what it needs to do urgently; "to stimulate economic development and hence reduce unemployment. " For Dill-ton, this can be seen from what it has actually been doing in the past 18 months, all in order to stimulate economic development and reduce unemployment.

Underdeveloped, Beauville can afford to, and must, do what Dillton has been doing. For example, since it is underdeveloped, Beauville has few or no companies to collect tax from, and therefore reduced corporate tax rate may not adversely influence its revenue. And, since it has got the same problem of unemployment to "reduce ," it is wise to encourage private companies to relocate to it. Again from its being underdeveloped, it follows that its "city utilities" must be underused, so that it can afford to offer favorable rates on its city utilities to any company that would relocate here.

Also significant is the fact that both Dillton and Beauville are urged by the same "government" to become developed, as can be seen from its report, which is obviously intended to encourage new policies and introduce success stories. Under these circumstances, it is likely that Beauville will receive from the government not only empty encouragement but also substantial support.

Taking these into consideration, I don't think there is a way for Beauville to stimulate economic development and reduce unemployment faster than following the example of Dillton, i. e. , " to provide tax incentives and other financial inducements that encourage private companies to relocate here. "

Dear Rogers,

Thank you very much for your condolence with me on the loss of my mother. Your letter brought me great comfort. My grief is indeed most bitter. Mother was everything to me. She never had a thought for herself, and spent her whole life thinking how best she could make me happy. Everybody I .have spoken to seems to have loved and respected her.

I truly appreciate your sympathy and understanding, and above all, your offer of help.

Thanks so much for writing.

Yours truly, Tom

Today is Mother's Day, a special day on which sons and daughters express love and appreciation for mothers everywhere. In the early morning Mother's Day, my sister went out and brought home a bunch of pre flowers. I bought a piece of cloth the day before. Right after my mother j up, we said, "Happy Mother's Day!" to her and gave her the flower and gift. My mother was very happy ; she smiled and said , "How wonderful the flower look ! How beautiful the cloth is ! Thank you ! " Then , we told her we were going to do all the housework for our beloved mother , and she could take a rest for the day.

In the beginning, we were excited about all the work we could do. Before long , we found that the housework seemed to be endless. There was cooking washing, and cleaning, and there was shopping to do, too. When preparing for the dinner, the kitchen seemed very busy. My father was making a coldish; my sister was making Chinese-style ravioli; and I was washing vegetables. But there were still many other things to do. Finally, the dinner was ready; it was one hour behind the usual schedule. The food was not a* delicious as my mother's. Nevertheless, all of us enjoyed it.

All these factors complicate the interpretation of the nonverbal aspects of communication.

Needless to say, valid generalizations are difficult to make and always must be reevaluated and seen in the context of the situation. For example, in a Western cultural setting crossing one's arms may be interpreted as being defensive, rejecting the other person, or being closed-minded. However, it is also possible that the nonverbal signal simply means that the speaker is cold. The isolated symbol may not carry any deeper meaning. It is only one contributor to communication. To get the whole meaning, one must look at all the signals together.

Other nonverbal symbols are interesting but not that important. For example, when Europeans use their fingers in counting to five, they start with the thumb and go in sequence to the little finger. Americans, in contrast, start with the index finger Dallas needs to sort out which signals are important and which ones are not.

You may wonder why we are concerned at all with nonverbal communication if its interpretation is so difficult. The point is that nonverbal communication, because it varies so much and because it carries so much meaning, needs close attention so that we can decode and get our messages across more effectively. In this chapter we examine nonverbal language in several cultures, but bear in mind that these are generalizations; although the descriptions are true generally for a culture, there are many variations within a culture. As you learn more about a culture and meet more people from that culture, you may adapt and adjust your interpretation of nonverbal language signals.

What exactly is nonverbal language? Although researchers agree that nonverbal communication refers to no worded language, they use a variety of definitions that can be divided into two major categories;

1. Nonverbal or no worded communication includes all communication beyond the spoken or written word. It includes aspects such as the language of friendship and material possessions and the nonverbal aspects of written communication, such as weight and color of paper, format, typeface, and binding.

2. Nonverbal communication includes only nonverbal language using the body, including paralanguage.