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It was with a heavy heart that Shi Zhiyong, a delicate'1 strongman of China, embarked5 on his Athens journey.

And a little heavier than qualification standard bodyweight even bothered him more.

Now, with a gold in hand, he eyed6 a delicious meal. And more, the Olympics gold medallist in the men's 62kg desired to serve more people with his food, opening a restaurant when he retired from the power sport.

"I lost four kilograms the last three days," Shi told reporters. " I am planning to run my own restaurant when I retired (from the sport). "

The 24-year-old Shi, strongly motivated7 to clinch a gold at the Games, appeared a bit worried over his Olympic prospects8.

Working very hard to fill the gap between the expectations and the top performance when mounting on the platform at Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall' , he went to see the team doctor.

The communication between the two did work out in stabilizing the mentality of the Olympic debutant, who began to concentrate on training10.

However, he had to lose his bodyweight to be qualified, a painful experience for a strongman.

"A sad story might lie behind every successful lifter," Shi said. "For me, at this point, it was that I endured being hungry for a few days. "

As his pre-Olympics experiences were full of anxieties, hunger, and or a little sadness as he described, his Olympic moment in limelight came out when he made a somersault on jerking up a decisive 172.5kg in the second attempt".

"I didn't elaborately12 prepare a somersault for the Games, or anything," he said. "I often did it when I was young. I simply felt like it when I jerked up the barbells in the second attempt. "

Born in China's southeast Fujian province, Shi began weightlifting training in September 1993 and joined the Fujian provincial team in 1996 and the national team in February 1997.

An Asian champion in the 62kg discipline in 2000 and a silver medallist at the World Championships in Vancouver13 in 2003 , Shi is the current world record holder in snatch in the division.

As the Athens 2004 gold medallist, Shi was now desiring only food snatching, with which he savored his Olympic moment14.

When King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem heard how JLl/ Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it, doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, 2he became greatly frightened, because Gibeon was a large city, like one of the royal cities, and was larger than Ai, and all its men were warriors. sSo King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem sent a message to King Hoham of Hebron, to King Piram of Jarmuth, to King Japhia of

Lachish, and to King Debir of Eglon, saying, 4"Come up and help me, and let us attack Gibeon; for it has made peace with Joshua and with the Israelites. " sThen the five kings of the Amorites—the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon-— gathered their forces, and went up with all their armies and camped against Gibeon, and made war against it.

6And the Gibeonites sent to Joshua at the camp in Gilgal, saying, "Do not abandon your servants; come up to us quickly , and save us, and help us; for all the kings of the Amorites who live in the hill country are gathered against us. " 780 Joshua went up from Gilgal, he and all the fighting force with him, all the mighty warriors. 8The LORD said to Joshua, "Do not fear them, for I have handed them over to you; not one of them shall stand before you. " 9So Joshua came upon them sud¬denly, having marched up all night from Gilgal. 10And the LORD threw them into a panic before Israel, who inflicted a great slaughter on them at Gibeon, chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and struck them down as far as Azekah and Makkedah. 11 As they fled before Israel, while they were going down the slope of Bethhoron, the LORD threw down huge stones from heaven on them as far as Azekah, and they died; there were more who died because of the hailstones than the Israelites killed with the sword.

12On the day when the LORD gave the Amorites over to the Israelites, Joshua spoke to the LORD; and he said in the sight of Israel,

"Sun, stand still at Gibeon, and Moon, in the valley of Aijalon. "

The Supreme Court is composed of a chief justice and eight associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. They serve on the Court as long as they choose, subject only to impeachment. Each state also has a supreme court; these courts are all courts of appeals, primarily hearing cases that have already been tried. The federal Supreme Court ("the" Supreme Court) has the final word on interpretation of all laws and of the Constitution itself.

Supreme Court decisions have a significant impact on public policy, and are often extremely controversial. In interpreting the Constitution, the justices of the Supreme Court occasionally have deduced legal doctrines that are not clearly stated (or stated at all) in the Constitution. For example, in the famous case of McCulloch versus Maryland (1819), Chief Justice John Marshall advanced the opinion, accepted by the Court, that the Constitution implicitly gives the federal government the power to establish a national bank, even though such a power is not explicitly granted by the Constitution. In Roe versus Wade (1973), the Court ruled that state laws restrict-

ing abortion violate the right of privacy. This is another example of the Court's identifying an implied rather than explicidy stated right. The McCulloch and Roe decisions illustrate the principle of broad or loose construction (interpretation) of the Constitution. Those who favor broad construction believe that the spirit of the times, the values of the justices, and the needs of the nation may legitimately influence the way justices decide cases. Advocacy of this belief is called "judicial activism." In contrast, strict constructionists insist that the Court should be bound by the exact words of the Constitution or by intentions of the framers of the Constitution or by some combination of both. This view is sometimes called judicial restraint.

When it comes to watching our own kids share toys,however,rules of thumb are small comfort. We focus,understandably,on the remote possibility of a killing bite or scratch. As the word spread last week that researchers had documented two such rare events — one involving two teenagers and a shared razor, the other involving a pair of preschoolers and perhaps just a toothbrush — health officials braced for a panic. But calm prevailed, for studies showed that the tragedies had stemmed not from a new hazard but from risks that are preventable and well known.

The f'rst report, scheduled for publication in this week's new England Journal of Medicine, involves two young children living in the same foster home in New Jersey. Though both were born to HIV-infected mothers,only the older was infected at birth eighteen months ago, when the younger one developed swollen glands and a fever, doctors at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey discovered that she was infected. The virus in her blood matched that of her foster sis-ter. No one knows precisely how the transmission occurred,but an investigation pointed out situations in which blood could have passed between the two. The older child suffered frequent nosebleeds, while the younger one had injuries on her arms from .

dermatitis. And the two sometimas shared a toothbrush despite the older child's bleeding gums.

The second case, described in a forthcoming bulletin from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) .involves a pair of teenage brothers with hemophilia. The older brother contracted HIV from contaminated blood products and has tested positive since 1985. The younger one tested negative until recently, when tests showed that he was infected with a viral strain that matched his brother's. As hemophiliacs, both boys used injection equipment to administer the clotting factor they needed, but the CDC?, researchers found no evidence that they'd shared their needles or had sex togeth¬er. What they did share was a razor blade, which may have cut them both in quick succession.

The fear of such accidents has brought forth plenty of passion in recent years. In 1987 a Florida couple's house was firebombed after a court declared that their three infected boys could attend public school. Though the CDC has always opposed broad restrictions on in¬fected kids,the agency adopted guidelines in 1985 for preventing unfortunate accidents. The standard precautions include covering open sores, wearing gloves and washing hands when changing a diaper or dressing a wound,disinfecting the soiled surfaces and not sharing razors or toothbrushes. Failures may be inevitable. But serious ones have been exceedingly rare. In more than a dozen studies,researchers have tracked AIDS patients's family members and found no evidence of the virus spreading through household contact. Two children now stand as exceptions to that rule. The good news is that it's taken researchers 12 years and 340,000 AIDS cases to find them.

I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvesting, springtime, or fall time. A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages, I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. He considered all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent. The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. I come to this, from hearing my master say, some time during 1835; I was about seventeen years old.

My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the daughter of Issac and Betsey Bailey, both colored, and quite dark. My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grand-mother or grandfather.

My father was a white man. He was admitted to be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage. The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father, but of the correctness of this opinion, I know nothing; the means of knowing was withheld from me. My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant—before I knew her as my mother. It is a common custom, in the part of Maryland from which I ran away, to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it, and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off, and the child is placed under the care of an older woman, too old for field labor. For what this separation is done, I do not know, unless it be to hinder the development of the child' s affection towards its mother.

Some accidents and illnesses are serious and nay result in long periods of invalidism.

The newspapers contain spectacular accounts of iccidents in the street and highways and public places, but nearly as many accidents occur around he home. Somebody trips on a rug. Somebody falls off a stepladder. Somebody is careless in cooking inner, and is burned. Accidents incurred in the laying of sports and swimming also accounts for a irge number of injuries, big and little. Despiteconant campaigns to reduce the number of accidents, lere are still approximately 100, 000 accidental saths and nearly 9,000,000 non-fatal injuries in the United States each year.

It has been estimated that around 3,000,000 people are constantly ill in the United States throughout the year and that over half the illness is caused by respiratory diseases, chiefly colds and influenza.

The pain and suffering caused by accidents and illness tell only half the story. Loss of time from school and work and medical and hospital expenses often make the pain seem worse. Money spent in this country for doctors, services, hospitalization, nursing care, drugs, medicines, X-rays, and special treatments, amounts to a huge annual sum. Added to this expense is another much larger amount that is lost to wage earners throughout the nation by reason of their loss of wages or income while sick or otherwise disabled.

Accident and health insurance is a form of insurance devised to protect against these economic losses. It protects the earnings of wage earners and finishes financial aid to the family of the breadwinner by the payment of his doctor and hospital bills. Today, business and professional men, farmers, industrial workers, clerks, and those engaged in various occupations, whose earning power is shut off for a week, a month, or sometimes years, because of accidents or illness can insure themselves against this financial loss by accident and health insurance.

Protection is available to all types of workers and the cost (called the premium) ranges from a few cents a day for small or limited policies to a month for policies paying larger amounts (called indemnities) . Policy is another name for an insurance contract. Most accident and health policies are cancelable policies — that is, they are sold for a definite term such as a week, a month, or a year, similar to contracts of fire insurance and automobile liability insurance. There are, however, policies which cannot be canceled or terminated by the insurance

company until the policyholder reaches an age at which he usually has no further earning power — most often at sixty or sixty-five years. These non-cancelable policies cost more than the cancelable policies.

In recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards " directed" or "programmed" research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and investigations in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or programme designed beforehand.

At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms.

Nevertheless, the scientist was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined programme to which he had to jonform. As the century developed, the increasing nagnitude and complexity of the problems to be lolved and the growing interconnection of different lisciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for he individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of lew data, techniques and equipment that were re-uired for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed research.

One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to be-come increasingly involved in applied research ( development) , especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Since private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.

Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science — and not only pure sciences, but applied science as well.

What -is art? According to one definition, it is the creation of something that appeals to1 our sense of beauty. This definition may include painting, drawing, sculpture, and architecture, or performing arts such as music and drama. Cultural and historical influences, as well as one's own perception of what is aesthetically pleasing, play a role in what one believes to be art. To some people, art is the depiction2 of an object—a painting or sculpture of a person, for example. For others, art may be a blank canvas, or a piece of chalk.

In order to talk about the different artistic styles that have existed over time, art historians have classified these styles into different periods and organized them in chronological order. The works of art produced within each period mirror3 the culture and events of that time.

The earliest forms of art, from the Prehistoric era, include simple cave paintings and figures made from stone. These were followed by the sculptures and carvings of the Ancient Civilizations4 era. Styles of the later Classical5 era (800 B.C. to 200 A.D.), reflect the culture of the time— one that favored simplicity and balance. The period of the Middle Ages followed, and was succeeded by a revival of classical styles in the Renaissance era, beginning around 1400. Well-known artists of this time include Michelangelo and da Vinci. One hundred years of Baroque6 style, and then fifty years of Rococo7 followed the 200-year Renaissance. The start of the nineteenth century saw the rise of the Premodern era, followed by the Modern era, a period that lasted until 1945. This was followed by the Postmodern era that characterizes the present day.

In addition to differences in artistic styles between eras, there are also differences within each era. The Postmodern era, for example, has featured innovative artistic styles such as Pop Art (which includes work by Andy Warhol), Minimalism, and Conceptualism. Since the 1960s, Conceptualism has grown in popularity. This style focuses more on the idea or 'concept' of art using realistic objects, rather than on art that is 30 created using traditional materials such as paint, canvas, stone, or clay. Whereas Warhol used a can of beans as the basis for a painting, for example, a conceptual artist might say that the can itself is a work of art.

Conceptualism has become an increasingly controversial art style,particularly as a result of numerous conceptual artists winning the Turner Prize. This £20,000 award is presented annually to a British artist under the age of fifty, in recognition of an outstanding work. Sponsored by the Tate Gallery of Britain, it is recognized as one of Europe's most prestigious8 awards for visual arts. Its aim is to promote discussion about contemporary British art. In 2001, pop music icon Madonna presented the Turner Prize to conceptual artist Martin Creed.

It's 7:45 on Tuesday morning, and 26-year-old Steve Clarkson is going to work. He puts on his jacket, and picks up his cell phone, pager, and laptop. As he leaves the house, he turns on his MP3 player and puts on his headphones.1 He is ready to go.

Today, for millions of people, gadgets like Clarkson's are a normal part of life. 'They give me freedom,2' says Clarkson. 'I'm a reporter3 for a magazine, and I'm usually not in the office. My cell, pager, and laptop help me to do my work both on the road4 and at home.' Small wireless5 gadgets also make life easier. Today, many people can check e-mail, send instant6 messages, or surf the Web using their pagers or cell phones.

Tina Feng is studying photography in New York City. 'Some of these gadgets are expensive, but they can save you money in the long run. I have a digital camera. I can use it to take eighty 15 pictures and shoot video7 at the same time. I listen to music on my

MP3 player, and I can download and read books on it, too. I use the camera and MP3 for both learning and fun.'

It's now 9:45 A.M. Steve Clarkson gets an e-mail from his 17-year-old sister. She has a gadget that lets her send e-mail, play games, and take notes. She is in class right now. 'I e-mailed her back. I told her to stop playing, and pay attention,' laughs Clarkson. 'These gadgets are fun, but sometimes they can distract people, too.'

They will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently show some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree, "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species. " These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession".

Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipathy or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard of numerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Hussey has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partridge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong. This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention". Mr. Hewitt has described the habits of some ducks (recently descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt's own dogs and cats so well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them.

Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting, which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed. This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.